Commercial Roofing Losses

1) Introduction and Overview
a) Structure
b) Failure analysis
2) Roofing Broad Categories
a) Residential
i) Steep slope
ii) 3 on 12 and greater
b) Commercial
i) 3 on 12 or less
ii) Low slope
iii) Flat roofs
3) Types of Commercial Roofs
a) Built-up
b) Single-ply modified bitumen
c) Spray on Foam
d) Metal Panel Roof
4) Roof System Components
a) Deck
b) Vapor Barrier
c) Insulation
d) Membrane
e) Specifications
5) Built-Up Roof System
a) Metal Deck
b) Insulation
c) Felts
i) 3, 4 and 5 ply
ii) Base sheet
iii) Reinforcing felts
iv) Tar/asphalt
d) Coating
6) Roof Testing
a) Testing Companies
b) Factory Mutual
c) Underwriters Laboratories
d) Testing Areas
i) Fire Resistance
ii) Wind Resistance
7) Wind Contour Maps
a) International Building Code
b) Application by architect
c) Relation to testing
d) Subrogation issues
8) Quiz – Reinforcing Part 1 Materials
a) 5 multiple choice questions
b) 4 choices per question
c) A second quiz if less than 80% score on first quiz

1) Wind Speed Specifications
a) FM Data Sheets
b) Roof Areas
i) field area
ii) perimeter
iii) corner
2) Wind speed and uplift force in roof areas
3) Support Decks
a) Roof system component
b) Types
i) Metal
ii) Concrete
iii) Wood
iv) other
4) Metal Decks
a) Types
b) Selection issues
c) Relation to roofing system
d) Subrogation issues
5) Concrete Deck
a) Poured
b) Precast
6) Wood Decks
a) Plywood
b) OSB
c) Resources
7) Insulation
a) Component of system
b) Rigid Board
i) Asphalt fastening
ii) Mechanical fasteners
(1)
Type
(2)
Layout
(3)
count
c) Lightweight concrete
i) Actual weight
ii) Example failure scenario
d) Batt
8) Quiz – Reinforcing Part 2 materials
a) 5 multiple choice questions
b) 4 choices per question
c) A second quiz if less than 80% score on first quiz

1) Membrane
a) Roofing Component
b) Waterproofing
c) Types
2) Built-up Roof Membrane
a) Base sheet
b) Reinforcing sheets
c) Positioning
i) Layout
d) Asphalt
e) Blisters
i) Installation issues
ii) Causes
iii) Non-causes
3) Single Ply Membrane
a) Single layer issues
b) Laps
c) Modified Bitumen
d) EPDM
i) Ballasted
ii) Mechanically fastened
4) Standing Seam Metal Roof
a) Fasteners/spacing
b) Installation
5) Surface Coatings
a) Roofing component
b) Purpose
c) Ultraviolet light
d) Aluminum oxide
e) Gravel
f) Mineral granules
6) Quiz – Reinforcing Part 3 materials
a) 5 multiple choice questions
b) 4 choices per question
c) A second quiz if less than 80% score on first quiz

1) Overview
a) Design/application
b) Materials
c) Installation
d) Maintenance
e) Storm
2) Faulty Application Case
a) Design
b) Application
c) Failure to adhere to manufacturers specifications
3) EPDM Susceptibility
a) Snagging, tearing, punctures
b) Debris on roof
c) Wind blown debris
d) Maintenance contractors
e) Tools boxes dropped tools
f) Examine areas around roof top equipment
4) Ponded Water on Built Up Roof
a) Leading cause of premature failure
b) Water leaches chemicals from asphalt
c) Leaching accelerates loss of water proofing properties
d) Structural engineering issues
e) Dirt circles as evidence of ponding
5) Approach to roof inspection
a) Try to prove covered loss
b) Independent evaluations
c) Look for other evidence supporting claim
i) i.e. wind damage
ii) corners, edges,
iii) antenna
6) Inadequate coatings
a) Insufficient coating
b) Alligatoring/cracking
c) Water in cracks/leaching
7) Freeze damage
a) Tear usually in center of roof
b) Usually down long part of felts
c) Usually only a single tear
8) Quiz – Reinforcing Part 4 materials
a) 5 multiple choice questions
b) 4 choices per question
c) A second quiz if less than 80% score on first quiz

1) Hail damage
a) Built-up Roof
i) Susceptibility
ii) Testing/Inspections
b) Metal R Channel Roofs
2) Trapped Moisture
a) Sprayed on Foam
b) Bubbles/Blistering
c) Causes
3) Flashing
a) Defined
b) Purpose
c) Specifications and Testing
d) Wind Damage
4) Wind Speed on Buildings
5) Repairs
6) Thermal Imaging
7) Quiz – Reinforcing Part 5 materials
a) 5 multiple choice questions
b) 4 choices per question
c) A second quiz if less than 80% score on first quiz